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 * Biotechnology**

**DNA** – Deoxyribonucleic Acid. This is the molecule found in every cell in a living organism. The DNA contains all the information necessary for the cell to survive, perform its functions and reproduce itself.


 * Nucleic Acids –** these are the components of DNA. Each nucleic acid consists of a sugar, a phosphate group and one of four possible organic base molecules. The nucleic acids are linked into a long chain through the sugar and phosphate groups. The four different bases (symbolized A, C, T, and G) code the information that is carried on the DNA molecule.


 * Double-helix** **–** DNA in cells is arranged with two long strands curled around each other and twisted. The two strands are loosely chemically bonded between the bases on each strand. In this structure, which resembles a twisted ladder, A always bonds to T and C bonds to G. The two strands can be separated by simply heating the solution containing the DNA; this process is called ‘melting’ the DNA.


 * Proteins –** the biological molecules that carry out most of the functions in cells and make up the structure of the cells themselves. The information coded by DNA in cells serves to make specific proteins. Proteins are made up of linear strands of molecules called amino acids (the same as DNA is made up of linear strands of nucleic acids). Proteins form complex three-dimensional shapes that are specific to the linear sequence and serve to carry out their specific functions.


 * Genome –** the sum total of all DNA in an organism. Many complete genomes have been solved, including those from bacteria, yeast, fruit flies, and mammals including a common strain of mouse, and humans


 * Human Genome Project –** The sequencing of all DNA in a human being. This project involved a large consortium of businesses and governments from several countries. The project is still on-going, but the rough draft of the human genome was published in 2003. __ [] __


 * Searchable index of terms:** There are MANY more terms that you may come across while exploring biotechnology. Here is a good site: [].


 * Talking glossary of genetic terms:** This is a wonderful site with the term’s pronunciation, audio information, images and additional links to related terms. In addition, the site is available in Spanish – both in print and orally.

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Common definitions describing the profession of land surveying || Commonly used terms in land surveying || Commonly used terms related to use of land || Comprehensive listing of occupational related terminology with PDF downloads ||
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